Author: Bertrand

It's time for the third part of our series dedicated to the women in Peru! After having presented to you, the women of the pre-Columbian time until the Inca Empire in the first part of our series "Peru in the feminine", then those who took part in the process of the Independence of Peru, in a second article, we make a good in the time with this new episode which presents you 6 portraits of forgotten women of the Peruvian history, from the 19th to the 20th centuries. These women of letters or of field, artists, scientists or historians give us another perspective of the stories of the Spanish chroniclers. Women of letters and fieldwork: Dominga Gutierrez, Flora Tristan and Francisca Zubiaga In the 19th century, three women meet by chance in the city of Arequipa, they do not know it yet but they will have a notable impact on the currents of thought of Peru. According to the writer and researcher Sara Beatriz Guardia, director of CEMHAL (Center of Studies of the Woman in Latin America), they are the forgotten ones of the Peruvian history and nevertheless to return on their respective courses show well that they had an impact on the progressive vision of Arequipa until the hour of today.   In order from left to right, portraits of Dominga Gutierrez, Flora Tristan and Francisca Zubiaga Source : https://red.pucp.edu.pe/riel/conferencia-tres-mujeres-la-construccion-la-republica-dominga-gutierrez-francisca-zubiaga-flora-tristan/ Born in 1803, in Paris, it is a relatively complex family history that will bring Flora Tristan to cross the Atlantic. At first, she traveled for her own personal reasons, but this trip had an impact on the people and situations she met and was to have more than a personal impact. Her father died when she was four years old, leaving her family in financial difficulty. In search

Back in 2023, this article is dedicated to the women of our century. Those that you will meet during your stay in Peru and those that live daily in the city or in the countryside. So vast is the territory that it is difficult to summarize the condition of the woman of Peru in a concise way without leaning on examples of different regions in order to present a diversity of profile of Peruvian women. According to the cities and the regions, their daily life also differs from the more or less urban environment in which they live. As an illustration, and for the pleasure of the eyes, the photographer Yayo Lopez took the time to make pictures and portraits to show the different facets of the Peruvian beauty. Photo from the exhibition Belleza Peruana of La Galería del Centro Cultural de la Universidad de Lima Source : https://www.ulima.edu.pe/pregrado/comunicacion/noticias/fotografo-yayo-lopez-presenta-belleza-peruana-en-la-galeria  Some studies and statistics sadly announce Lima as one of the most dangerous cities of the world, in relation to the insecurities and violence made to the women, according to the report of the Convoca, organization of vigilance of Peru. The pandemic of the COVID-19 has accentuated the phenomenon, this year more than 915 women, of which 600 minors have disappeared only during the three months of confinement. These disappearances are often linked to acts of violence. At the end of 2020, there were 5,521 missing girls and adolescents, according to the Ministry of Women and Vulnerable Populations (MIMP). These statistics should be taken with caution as they reflect only part of the reality, since most rapes or sexual assaults, especially in rural or remote areas, go unreported. The difficulty for the authorities lies in the organization and handling of these complaints, as there is no national register of missing persons governed by

The camelids Camelids are mammals that originated from North America. They disappeared from the North American continent as they spread to South America, Asia and Africa, where they survived to give rise to modern species. Do you really know the difference between the four different camelids present in Peru? Se llama llama ¡Se llama llama! means his name is lama. The llama is the animal most associated with Peru. It is the tallest of the four South American camelids, with an average height of 190 cm. As an adult, it weighs about 110 kilos. It can be recognised by its slender silhouette, its extended legs and neck and its hair of different shades. The llama was domesticated 4,500 years ago and lives mainly in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru. It is used as a carrying animal and can carry up to 24 kg. It is also raised for its meat, leather, and wool. The latter is thick and is used to make ropes, carpets, etc. Llamas are shorn every two years and produce about 3.5 kg of wool per shearing. Their excrement is also used as fuel! These animals live during the day and usually in herds of one dominant male, several females and their young. Llamas have a gestation period of about 11.5 months. These camelids are herbivores, i.e., they feed on grasses, which they chew for a long time in order to improve the digestion process. However, they drink very little. This is because they are very well adapted to their environment. In the dry season in the Andes, it never rains, and these camelids have become used to these extreme conditions! In addition, it has been observed that llamas have blood with a lot of haemoglobin, which allows them to adapt to the high altitudes, where